Anti-epizootic measures in the Russian Empire in the last quarter of the 19th — early 20th century (by the example of fighting equine glanders)
Darya A. Mel’nikova, Candidate of Historical Sciences, Senior Lecturer
St. Petersburg State Agrarian University, St. Petersburg, Russia, darya.a.melnikova@yandex.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8552-4185
Abstract
The present paper delves into the concerted efforts of both central and regional authorities in combating outbreaks of an equine glanders that poses a threat not only to equine populations but also to human health. Drawing on a diverse array of unpublished archival sources, regulatory documents, and periodical publications, this study unravels the strategies employed by the central and subnational governments to prevent, contain, and manage the spread of this disease. Particular attention is given to the initiatives undertaken by the Ministry of War, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, and the Main Directorate for State Horse Breeding in developing and implementing measures aimed at preventing the spread of glanders epizootic. Key aspects such as the eradication of infected horses, the use of mallein samples for diagnostic purposes, and the implementation of quarantine protocols are explored in detail. The study demonstrates that by the onset of the twentieth century, substantial strides had been made towards establishing a comprehensive framework for veterinary and public health surveillance, contributing to the mitigation of epidemic outbreaks. Nonetheless, a deeper examination of historical data uncovers hindrances such as constrained financial resources, opposition from equestrian proprietors, and a dearth of adequately trained veterinarians. Moreover, it becomes evident that the triumph of the initiative aimed at curbing the spread of glanders was contingent upon the collaborative efforts of diverse entities and the degree of public comprehension.
Keywords
Horses, glanders, veterinary and sanitary supervision, Main Directorate for State Horse Breeding, epizootics, Ministry of Internal Affairs, Ministry of War.
For citation:
Mel’nikova D. A. Anti-epizootic measures in the Russian Empire in the last quarter of the 19th — early 20th century (by the example of fighting equine glanders). Vestnik of Orenburg State Pedagogical University. Electronic Scientific Journal, 2025, no. 3 (55), pp. 137—158. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32516/2303-9922.2025.55.9.
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