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<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" dtd-version="1.4" article-type="research-article" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Оренбургского государственного педагогического университета. Электронный научный журнал</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="electronic">2303-9922</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32516/2303-9922.2023.46.5</article-id><article-categories><subj-group><subject>Other</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="ru">Трансформация структуры сосновых формаций в урбанизированных экосистемах Москвы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Structural transformation of pine formations in urbanized ecosystems of Moscow</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лежнев</surname><given-names>Даниил Викторович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lezhnev</surname><given-names>Daniil V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/><email>lezhnev.daniil@yandex.ru</email><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2706-7320</contrib-id></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лебедев</surname><given-names>Александр Вячеславович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lebedev</surname><given-names>Aleksandr V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"/><email>alebedev@rgau-msha.ru</email><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8939-942X</contrib-id></contrib><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Bauman Moscow State Technical University (Mytishchi branch)</institution><city xml:lang="en">Mytishchi</city><country xml:lang="en">Russia</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Forest Science, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><city xml:lang="en">Uspenskoe, Moscow region</city><country xml:lang="en">Russia</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный технический университет имени Н. Э. Баумана (Мытищинский филиал)</institution><city xml:lang="ru">Мытищи</city><country xml:lang="ru">Россия</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт лесоведения Российской академии наук</institution><city xml:lang="ru">с. Успенское, Московская область</city><country xml:lang="ru">Россия</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian State Agrarian University — Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy</institution><city xml:lang="en">Moscow</city><country xml:lang="en">Russia</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff6"><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский государственный аграрный университет — Московская сельскохозяйственная академия имени К. А. Тимирязева</institution><city xml:lang="ru">Москва</city><country xml:lang="ru">Россия</country></aff></aff-alternatives></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2023-06-25"><day>25</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><issue>2(46)</issue><fpage>74</fpage><lpage>88</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-02-22"><day>22</day><month>02</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-05-20"><day>20</day><month>05</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><license xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:title="CC BY 4.0"><ali:license_ref>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ali:license_ref><license-p xml:lang="ru">CC BY 4.0</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vestospu.ru/archive/2023/articles/5_2_2023.html" xlink:title="https://www.vestospu.ru/archive/2023/articles/5_2_2023.html">https://www.vestospu.ru/archive/2023/articles/5_2_2023.html</self-uri><self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:href="publication-73160674-112d-43e5-90d8-af47b2b9c60d.pdf" xlink:title="PDF"/><abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В статье рассмотрена трансформация структуры формаций, протекающая на различных стадиях онтогенеза сосны на фоне воздействия факторов внешней среды. Лесные экосистемы Москвы подвержены комплексному воздействию внешних факторов. Сосновые формации г. Москвы выполняют важные водоохранно-защитные, средообразующие и ряд других функций. Целью исследования стало изучение трансформации структуры сосновых формаций для определения тенденций развития экосистем под влиянием комплексного воздействия негативных факторов. Исследования проводились в спелых сосновых насаждениях в пределах г. Москвы. Выделены три группы формаций на постоянных пробных площадях на основании преобладающих пород во втором ярусе: 1) клена, 2) липы и вяза, 3) ели. Наличие нескольких поколений лиственных пород свидетельствует о трансформации структуры сосновых формаций начиная c 1960—1970-х гг. Выявлены направления протекающих естественных сукцессионных процессов в спелых сосновых древостоях экосистем г. Москвы.</p></abstract><abstract xml:lang="en" abstract-type="summary"><p>The article considers the structural transformation of formations occurring at various stages of pine ontogenesis against the background of environmental factors. Moscow forest ecosystems are subject to the complex effects of external factors. The Scots pine formations of Moscow perform important water protection, environmental protection and a number of other functions. The aim of the paper was to study the transformation of the structure of pine formations to determine the trends of ecosystem development affected by negative factors. The research was carried out in mature pinetums within the city of Moscow. Three groups of formations have been identified on permanent test areas based on the predominant species in the second tier: 1) maple, 2) linden and elm, 3) spruce. The presence of several generations of hardwoods indicates the transformation of the structure of Scots pine formations from the period of 1960—1970. The directions of the natural succession processes occurring in the mature pine stands of the ecosystems of Moscow are revealed.</p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Сосна</kwd><kwd>формация</kwd><kwd>экосистема</kwd><kwd>трансформация</kwd><kwd>структура</kwd><kwd>изменение климата</kwd><kwd>урбанизация</kwd><kwd>Москва</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Scots pine</kwd><kwd>formations</kwd><kwd>ecosystem</kwd><kwd>transformation</kwd><kwd>structure</kwd><kwd>climate change</kwd><kwd>urbanization</kwd><kwd>Moscow</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><ref id="ref1"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">1. Абатуров А. В., Меланхолин П. Н. Естественная динамика леса на постоянных пробных площадях в Подмосковье / Рос. акад. наук, Ин-т лесоведения. 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